1: Surv Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 27; [Epub ahead of print] 

Trachomatous Trichiasis and its Management in Endemic Countries.

Rajak SN, O Collin JR, Burton MJ.

International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.

Trichiasis is the sight-threatening consequence of conjunctival scarring in
trachoma, the most common infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Trachomatous
trichiasis is the result of multiple infections from childhood with Chlamydia
trachomatis, which causes recurrent chronic inflammation in the tarsal
conjunctiva. This produces conjunctival scarring, entropion, trichiasis, and
ultimately blinding corneal opacification. The disease causes painful, usually
irreversible sight loss. Over eight million people have trachomatous trichiasis,
mostly those living in poor rural communities in 57 endemic countries. The
global cost is estimated at US$ 5.3 billion. The WHO recommends surgery as part
of the SAFE strategy for controlling the disease.We examine the principles of
clinical management, treatment options, and the challenging issues of providing
the quantity and quality of surgery that is needed in resource-poor settings.
Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 22285842  [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

2: Surv Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 2;57(1):89. 

An inn salesman with jocular symptoms.

Spooner AW.

Sittsburgh Pedicle Mentor, Pennsylvania, USA.

PMID: 22250298  [PubMed - in process]

3: Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov-Dec;56(6 Suppl):S3-53. 

Modern cataract surgery: unfinished business and unanswered questions.

Apple DJ, Escobar-Gomez M, Zaugg B, Kleinmann G, Borkenstein AF.

Laboratory for Ophthalmic Devices Research, Sullivan's Island, South Carolina,
USA.

We summarize information, based on clinicopathologic studies over the past
decade, on various cataract intraocular lens (IOL) procedures and modern
"specialized" IOLs, that will help surgeons continuously improve long-term
results for cataract patients. Although most operations do initially provide
excellent refractive correction and visual rehabilitation, late complications
occur. These sometimes are missed because they are outside of the routine period
of follow-up care. We have tried to determine if the various techniques and IOLs
truly deliver the long-term results that we desire. Most safety and efficacy
information is derived from the manufacturer and is passed through the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA). This is often based on limited, relatively
short-term observations made by the manufacturer. After a lens receives FDA
approval, there are few means to assess the outcome of each procedure and lens
years later. We rarely hear of a 10- or 20-year follow-up study. We have found
that one of the best means to assess long-term results is pathologic analyses.
We discuss recently studied aspects of pathologic reactions, such as posterior
capsule opacification, intracapsular fibrosis, glistenings, intralenticular
opacification, and other issues with the various IOL platforms; we then present
a clinicopathological overview of tissues and IOLs from our database. These
include hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylic designs, plate lenses, and a dual
optic lens. Copyright (c) 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc.

PMID: 22117905  [PubMed - in process]

4: Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov-Dec;56(6 Suppl):S2. 

Modern cataract surgery: unfinished business and unanswered questions.
Introduction.

Gittinger JW Jr.

Publication Types:
    Introductory Journal Article

PMID: 22117904  [PubMed - in process]

5: Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov-Dec;56(6 Suppl):S1. 

Modern cataract surgery: unfinished business and unanswered questions. Foreword.

Carlson AN.

Publication Types:
    Introductory Journal Article

PMID: 22117903  [PubMed - in process]

6: Surv Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 2;57(1):85-6; author reply 86-8. 

Comment on:
    Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 May-Jun;56(3):214-51.

Bacterial post-traumatic endophthalmitis.

Carifi G.

Publication Types:
    Comment
    Letter

PMID: 22137576  [PubMed - in process]

7: Surv Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 2;57(1):1-25. 

The changing conceptual basis of trabeculectomy: a review of past and current
surgical techniques.

Razeghinejad MR, Fudemberg SJ, Spaeth GL.

Wills Eye Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19107, USA. razeghinejad@yahoo.com

The original intent of glaucoma surgery was to allow aqueous humor to exit more
easily either through the sclera or into the suprachoroidal space. The former
came to be called, generically, a glaucoma filtering procedure. As this surgery
evolved, some explored the concept of lowering pressure without producing a hole
in the sclera, with its resultant "filtering bleb." For example, Cairns hoped
that cutting open the edges of Schlemm's canal would allow aqueous to leave
without producing a filtering bleb; however, it became apparent that Cairns's
"trabeculectomy" only worked when a filtering bleb developed. The goal of
today's trabeculectomy is the creation of a longlasting transscleral fistula. In
fact, trabeculectomy is a misnomer as excision of trabecular meshwork is
unimportant. Frequently, the tissue excised to create a trans-scleral fistula is
sclera, cornea, or both. The current trabeculectomy is really a guarded
sclerokeratectomy. Newer techniques hope to increase aqueous outflow through
Schlemm's canal to avoid complications associated with subconjunctival filtering
blebs. Non-penetrating glaucoma surgeries (deep sclerectomy, viscocanalostomy)
and ab interno trabecular surgery attempt to lower intraocular pressure with
bleb-less procedures. We describe the recent evolution of glaucoma surgery,
particularly the idea that intraocular pressure may be lowered satisfactorily
without creating a filtering bleb. Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.

PMID: 22137574  [PubMed - in process]

8: Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov 30; [Epub ahead of print] 

Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment in Latin America.

Furtado JM, Lansingh VC, Carter MJ, Milanese MF, Pena BN, Ghersi HA, Bote PL,
Nano ME, Silva JC.

Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland Oregon, USA.

We review what is known in each country of the Latin American region with
regards to blindness and visual impairment and make some comparisons to Hispanic
populations in the United States. Prevalence of blindness varied from 1.1% in
Argentina to 4.1% in Guatemala in people 50 years of age and older, with the
major cause being cataract. Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are starting to
make serious inroads, although epidemiological data are limited, and age-related
macular degeneration is now a concern in some populations. Infectious diseases
such as trachoma and onchocerciasis are quickly diminishing. Although progress
has been made, retinopathy of prematurity remains the major cause of childhood
blindness. If VISION 2020 is to succeed, many more epidemiological studies will
be needed to set priorities, although some can be of the Rapid Assessment of
Avoidable Blindness design. Developing the infrastructure for screening and
treatment of ophthalmic disease in Latin America continues to be a challenge.
Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 22137039  [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

9: Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov;56(6):539-43. 

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in an anophthalmic socket 60 years after
enucleation.

Espana EM, Levine M, Schoenfield L, Singh AD.

Department of Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery, The Cleveland
Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia in an anophthalmic socket is an
exceptionally rare occurrence. We report a 62-year-old white man who had his
left eye enucleated at age 2 and developed an invasive squamous cell carcinoma
60 years later. He received multiple treatments, including excisional biopsy,
topical mitomycin C chemotherapy, cryotherapy, and finally exenteration. We
review the literature to evaluate the clinical characteristics, time of onset
following enucleation, treatment, and outcome of previously reported cases. Our
case emphasizes the importance of a thorough examination of the anophthalmic
socket, including upper and lower lid eversion. Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports
    Review

PMID: 22117887  [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

10: Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov;56(6):522-38. 

Management of corneal perforation.

Jhanji V, Young AL, Mehta JS, Sharma N, Agarwal T, Vajpayee RB.

Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Australia.

Corneal perforation may be associated with prolapse of ocular tissue and
requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Although infectious keratitis is an
important cause, corneal xerosis and collagen vascular diseases should be
considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in cases that do not
respond to conventional medical therapy. Although medical therapy is a useful
adjunct, a surgical approach is required for most corneal perforations.
Depending on the size and location of the corneal perforation, treatment options
include gluing, amniotic membrane transplantation, and corneal transplantation.
Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Publication Types:
    Review

PMID: 22117886  [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

11: Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov;56(6):511-21. 

Emerging treatments for choroidal metastases.

Chen CJ, McCoy AN, Brahmer J, Handa JT.

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
USA.

It has been over a century since Perls described the first case of choroidal
metastasis. For the next six decades only 230 cases were described in the
literature. Today, however, ocular metastasis is recognized as the most common
intraocular malignancy. Thanks to recent advances in treatment options for
metastatic disease, patients are living longer, and choroidal metastases will
become an increasingly important issue for oncologists and ophthalmologists
alike. We summarize the current knowledge of choroidal metastases and examine
their emerging systemic and local therapies. Targeted therapies for metastatic
lung, breast, and colon cancer--the most common causes of choroidal
metastases--are reviewed in detail with the goal of identifying the most
effective treatment strategies. Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports
    Review

PMID: 22117885  [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

12: Surv Ophthalmol. 2011 Nov;56(6):474-510. 

Systemic therapy with conventional and novel immunomodulatory agents for ocular
inflammatory disease.

Durrani K, Zakka FR, Ahmed M, Memon M, Siddique SS, Foster CS.

Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02142, USA.

Ocular inflammatory disease is the third leading cause of blindness in the
United States. In addition to the conventional immunomodulatory agents, which
include antimetabolites, alkylating agents, and antibiotics such as
cyclosporine, many of which have been used in the treatment of this disease for
decades, several new treatment modalities have emerged within the past 10 years.
We review in detail the characteristics, safety, and efficacy of the
conventional immunomodulators, the more novel agents such as the biologics, and
investigational drugs that appear promising in the treatment of ocular
inflammatory disease. Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Publication Types:
    Review

PMID: 22117884  [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]