1: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):59-60. 

Comment on:
    J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2008 Nov-Dec;45(6):325-8.

Rebuttal: Case of a failed probing for nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Gold RS.

Publication Types:
    Comment
    Letter

PMID: 19216100 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):60. 

Gillespie syndrome with impaired accommodation.

Agarwal PK, Awan MA, Dutton GN, Strang N.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports
    Letter

PMID: 19213284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

3: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):59-60. 

Comment on:
    J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2008 Nov-Dec;45(6):325-8.

Rebuttal: Case of a failed probing for nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Reynolds S.

Publication Types:
    Comment
    Letter

PMID: 19213283 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):56-8. 

Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic findings in progressive
hemifacial atrophy.

Kawazoe M, Hirata A, Okinami S.

Department of Ophthalmology, Saga University, Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1,
Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.

A 20-year-old man who had progressive hemifacial atrophy was examined using
fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. The fundus showed sectional
chorioretinal atrophy. Fluorescein angiography showed window defects without
leakage. Indocyanine green angiography revealed narrow choroidal vessels with
hypofluorescence.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports

PMID: 19213282 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

5: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):54-5. 

Optical coherence tomography findings in delayed subretinal fluid absorption
after scleral buckling surgery.

Singh G, Saravanan VR, Narendran V, Narendran K.

Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Care System, Aravind Eye
Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore
- 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India.

The occurrence of loculated bleb-like delayed subretinal fluid absorption has
been reported following scleral buckling surgery and more commonly following
pneumatic retinopexy among adults and seldom in children. The authors report the
occurrence of delayed subretinal fluid absorption following scleral buckling
surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a 15-year-old girl, indicating
the need for routine optical coherence tomography evaluation in the
non-amblyogenic age group of children who have good anatomical but poor
functional outcome following retinal reattachment surgery.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports

PMID: 19213281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

6: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):50-3. 

Congenital axial high myopia detected by prenatal ultrasound.

Kim MJ, Lee JH, Lee DW, Kweon EY, Ahn M.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and
Hospital, 634-18, Geumam-dong, Dukjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
561-712.

High-resolution prenatal ultrasound can allow for early detection and monitoring
of many fetal anomalies, including those involving the globe and orbit. The
authors present a case of congenital axial high myopia that was diagnosed at 33
gestational weeks and monitored by prenatal ultrasonography. Some systemic
abnormalities that can be associated with congenital high myopia are reviewed.
High ammetropias, anisometropia, and either axial myopia or axial hyperopia can
be detected in utero and give this early detection a greater chance of treating
and reversing the devastating effects of amblyopia.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports

PMID: 19213280 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

7: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):47-9. 

Benign recurrent abducens (sixth) nerve palsy.

Okutan V, Yavuz ST, Mutlu FM, Akin R.

Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara 06018,
Turkey.

Benign recurrent abducens nerve palsy is rare. Twenty-three cases in children
have been reported in the literature and many of these cases followed
immunization or were associated with viral illness. Most of the reported
patients share the following features: spontaneous recovery within 6 months,
ipsilateral recurrence, and painless palsy. The authors describe a Turkish child
with recurrent abducens nerve palsy with no obvious etiology.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports

PMID: 19213279 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

8: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):45-6. 

Panuveitis associated with granuloma annulare in a child.

Arekapudi S, Whitfield K, Morrison D.

Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,
Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8808, USA.

A 5-year-old child developed panuveitis with choroidal lesions. Topical steroid
medications were insufficient to control the inflammation long-term. Granuloma
annulare was subsequently diagnosed in association with the uveitis. Systemic
immunosuppression with methotrexate was eventually required to control the skin
lesions and uveitis. Uveitis associated with granuloma annulare may present with
choroidal lesions and panuveitis in children.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports

PMID: 19213278 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

9: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):42-4. 

Abnormal ocular electrophysiology in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome.

Sharma P, Chaudhuri Z, Raina UK, Ghosh B, Sethi S.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalya, New Delhi, India.

Two siblings who were born out of consanguineous marriage in an Indian family
and had typical clinical manifestations of Sjogren-Larsson syndrome were found
to have normal electroretinogram and abnormal visual evoked potential results.
Abnormal visual evoked potential results along with the presence of distinctive
foveal and parafoveal deposits, which could have a prognostic bearing on the
visual acuity of the patients, emphasize the importance of a complete
ophthalmological and electrophysiological evaluation in all patients with
Sjogren-Larsson syndrome.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports

PMID: 19213277 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

10: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):38-41. 

Congenital homonymous hemianopia and cortical migration abnormalities in a young
adult.

Shinder R, Wolansky L, Turbin RE.

Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, New Jersey Medical School,
Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.

Congenital homonymous hemianopia isan uncommon entity usually diagnosed in early
adulthood, with the patient having no prior knowledge of a visual field defect.
The authors describe an 18-year-old woman with asymptomatic congenital
homonymous hemianopia and an unusual constellation of associated intracranial
abnormalities.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports
    Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\'t

PMID: 19213276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

11: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):35-7. 

Congenital iris ectropion associated with juvenile glaucoma.

Monaco G, Franceschin S, Cacioppo V, Simonetta S, Ratiglia R.

Eye Clinic ofthe University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Congenital iris ectropion is an uncommon malformation and no reports exist about
the use of modern technologies in this pathology. The authors describe a case of
unilateral and isolated congenital iris ectropion associated with juvenile
glaucoma in a healthy and completely asymptomatic 6-year-old girl with an
unusual form of anisocoria. Optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning
laser tomography showed a progressive glaucomatous neuropathy. A trabeculectomy
without antimetabolites was performed and intraocular pressure normalized
without other medications during a follow-up of 2 years. The authors assert the
utility of various diagnostic technologies to recognize congenital iris
ectropion early to prevent blindness in young patients and improve their
prognosis.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports

PMID: 19213275 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

12: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):30-4. 

Role of the equator in the early overcorrection of intermittent exotropia.

Cho YA, Kim SH.

Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South
Korea.

PURPOSE: To determine the cause of consecutive esotropia on the basis of the
relationship between the location of the equator and a new insertional site of
the recessed lateral rectus muscle in cases of intermittent exotropia. METHODS:
Ninety-two patients with intermittent exotropia, all of whom underwent
recessions of both lateral rectus muscles (5 to 8 mm), were included. The
distances from the limbus to the equator (LE distance) and from the equator to
the new insertion of the recessed lateral rectus muscle (EIN distance) were
calculated using the following formula: (LE = axial length x pi/4 - corneal
diameter/2). Overcorrection was defined as esophoria in excess of 5 prism
diopters, and all patients were followed up for at least 3 months after surgery.
RESULTS: In all patients, the mean LE distance was 12.7 mm in the right eye and
12.6 mm in the left eye. The mean EIN distance in the successfully corrected
patients was -0.82 mm in the right eye and -0.95 mm in the left eye. A negative
distance value indicates a new insertion anterior to the equator. Overcorrection
was detected in 15 patients (16.3%), whose mean EIN distances were -0.93 mm in
the right eye and -0.78 mm in the left eye. No significant differences were
determined to exist between the corrected and overcorrected patients with regard
to the affected eye (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Overcorrection of intermittent
exotropia did not appear to be related to the location of new insertions of the
lateral rectus muscle of up to 8 mm of recession. This may indicate the
redistributing of relatively more innervational inputs to the medial rectus
muscle after the completion of lateral rectus recession in consecutive
esotropia.

PMID: 19213274 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

13: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):25-9. 

Comment in:
    J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):11.

A survey of ophthalmology residents\' attitudes toward pediatric ophthalmology.

Hasan SJ, Castanes MS, Coats DK.

Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.

PURPOSE: To assess the level of ophthalmology resident interest in pediatric
ophthalmology. METHODS: An 18-item 5-point Likert scale was used to determine
interest in pediatric ophthalmology among ophthalmology residents in the United
States. RESULTS: The response rate was 23% (316 of 1,341). Of the respondents,
74% agreed they had a clinical role model in pediatric ophthalmology, 66%
perceived a good job market for this field, and 67% cited liking strabismus
surgery. The majority of residents (56%) found pediatric patients difficult to
examine and 50% stated income levels for pediatric ophthalmologists are low.
CONCLUSIONS: Although most residents have an overall positive view about
pediatric ophthalmology, few indicate interest in pursuing a fellowship.
Specifically, most residents reported having a clinical role model in pediatric
ophthalmology, perceiving a good job market, and liking strabismus surgery,
whereas few residents had interest in further pediatric training and many found
pediatric patients difficult to examine and income levels low.

PMID: 19213273 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

14: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):19-22; quiz 23-4. 

Amblyopia treatment: 1998 versus 2004.

Khazaeni L, Quinn GE, Davidson SL, Forbes BJ.

The Children\'s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

PURPOSE: To determine whether there has been a change in treatment practice
patterns of patients with amblyopia between the late 1990s and 2004. METHODS: A
questionnaire survey was mailed to 1,200 AAPOS members listed in the 2004 AAPOS
directory. Seven scenarios were presented that described patients with amblyopia
and the clinician was asked to choose from six treatment options. Respondents
were asked to indicate their preferred initial treatment in 1998 (or during
their initial year of practice if later than 1998) and in 2004. The scenarios
were not necessarily those of patients who would meet the eligibility criteria
for the Amblyopia Treatment Studies because they also included scenarios to
assess the impact of amblyopia treatments in general. RESULTS: Three hundred
eighty-nine surveys (33.1%) were returned. In four of the seven scenarios,
comments suggested that a change in practice was attributable to recent
publications of Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group trials. In all seven
scenarios, atropine would have been offered in 2004 as an alternative to
patching in 1998, and in five of the seven scenarios the combination of
simultaneous atropine and patching would have been prescribed. In six of the
seven scenarios, some type of nonspecific near work would now be prescribed as
an adjunct treatment. CONCLUSION: A change in practice patterns was observed for
some, but not all, scenarios. In many scenarios, this change was directly
attributed to the recent Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group trials.

PMID: 19213272 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

15: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):12-8. 

The safety and efficacy of glaucoma medication in the pediatric population.

Coppens G, Stalmans I, Zeyen T, Casteels I.

Department of Ophthalmology University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Topical glaucoma medications are widely used for childhood glaucoma, although
little is known concerning the use of the newer glaucoma medications in this
population. The majority of the references cited were extracted from PubMed. A
literature review of all English language reports related to glaucoma medication
in the pediatric population since 1980 was performed. Medical therapy of
pediatric glaucoma contains four groups of drugs: beta-blockers (timolol and
betaxolol), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide), alpha2-agonists
(brimonidine), and prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost). Timolol is the first
choice in pediatric glaucoma. In cases with insufficient reduction of the
intraocular pressure (IOP), the combination of timolol once a day and
dorzolamide twice a day brings about a good control of the IOP. Both medications
are effective and well tolerated. The alpha2-agonists have more and potentially
serious adverse effects in children and are contraindicated for children younger
than 2 years of age. Latanoprost tends to be less effective in lowering IOP in
children than in adults. However, no studies are reported where latanoprost is
used in monotherapy. Additional study may further delineate this drug\'s role in
treating pediatric glaucoma. The safety profile of latanoprost in children
appears excellent.

Publication Types:
    Review

PMID: 19213271 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

16: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):11. 

Comment on:
    J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):25-9.

Declining field of pediatric ophthalmology.

Nelson LB.

Publication Types:
    Comment
    Editorial

PMID: 19213270 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

17: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):10, 18. 

What\'s your diagnosis? Deep seated periorbital capillary hemangioma.

Park SH, Shin SY.

Publication Types:
    Case Reports

PMID: 19213269 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

18: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009 Jan-Feb;46(1):5-9. 

Management issues in amblyopia treatment.

Olitsky SE, Schnall B, Gunton K, Nelson LB.

Children\'s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.

Publication Types:
    Interview

PMID: 19213268 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]