1: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):126. 

External needle drainage device.

Hanscom T.

Jules Stein Eye Institute, 2021 Santa Monica Blvd, Ste 720E, Santa Monica, CA
90404. retinalsurg@earthlink.net.

PMID: 22232489  [PubMed - in process]

2: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):125-6. 

Risks of adverse events with therapies for age-related macular degeneration: a
response--reply.

Curtis LH, Hammill BG, Schulman KA, Cousins SW.

Duke Clinical Research Institute, PO Box 17969, Durham, NC 27715.
lesley.curtis@duke.edu.

PMID: 22232488  [PubMed - in process]

3: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):124-5. 

Risks of adverse events with therapies for age-related macular degeneration: a
response.

Williams T, Reeves BC, Foss AJ, Fell G.

Department of Public Health, NHS Bradford and Airedale, Douglas Mill, Bowling
Old Lane, Bradford BD5 7JR, England. toniwilliams@nhs.net.

PMID: 22232487  [PubMed - in process]

4: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):122-4. 

Small dose of rituximab for graves orbitopathy: new insights into the mechanism
of action.

Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Curro N, Introna M, Rossi S, Bonara P, Covelli D, Dazzi D,
Guastella C, Pignataro L, Ratiglia R, Golay J, Beck-Peccoz P.

Endocrine Unit, Department of Medical Sciences. mario@mariosalvinet.it.

PMID: 22232486  [PubMed - in process]

5: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):120-2. 

Bilateral uveal effusion and angle-closure glaucoma associated with bupropion
use.

Takusagawa HL, Hunter RS, Jue A, Pasquale LR, Chen TC.

Glaucoma Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St, Boston,
MA 02114. teresa_chen@meei.harvard.edu.

PMID: 22232485  [PubMed - in process]

6: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):118-20. 

Epithelial downgrowth after type 1 Boston keratoprosthesis manifesting as
tractional retinal detachment and epiretinal membrane.

Bielory BP, Jacobs D, Alfonso E, Perez VL, Dubovy SR, Berrocal A.

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 900
NW 17th St, Miami, FL 33136. aberrocal@med.miami.edu.

PMID: 22232484  [PubMed - in process]

7: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):117-8. 

beta-Blocking and Racial Variation in the Severity of Retinopathy of
Prematurity.

Good WV, Hardy RJ, Wallace DK, Bremer D, Rogers DL, Siatkowski RM, De Becker I,
Summers CG, Fellows R, Tung B, Palmer EA.

Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore St, San Francisco, CA
94115. good@ski.org.

PMID: 22232483  [PubMed - in process]

8: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):116-7. 

Population differences in genetic risk for age-related macular degeneration and
implications for genetic testing.

Spencer KL, Glenn K, Brown-Gentry K, Haines JL, Crawford DC.

Department of Biology, Heidelberg University, 310 E Market St, Tiffin, OH 44883.
kspencer@heidelberg.edu.

PMID: 22232482  [PubMed - in process]

9: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):113-5. 

Polymerase chain reaction-based ganciclovir resistance testing of ocular fluids
for cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Yeh S, Fahle G, Forooghian F, Faia LJ, Weichel ED, Stout JT, Flaxel CJ, Lauer
AK, Sen HN, Nussenblatt RB.

National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, 10N-112,
Bethesda, MD 20892. drbob@nei.nih.gov.

PMID: 22232481  [PubMed - in process]

10: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):111-2. 

Interview with thaddeus p. Dryja, MD.

Dryja TP, Bartley GB.

Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 500 Technology Sq, Sixth Floor,
Cambridge, MA 02139. thaddeus.dryja@novartis.com.

PMID: 22232480  [PubMed - in process]

11: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):108-10. 

The role of antiviral therapy after the resolution of acute herpes simplex
keratitis or acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Baratz KH.

Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St NW, Rochester, MN 55902.
baratz.keith@mayo.edu.

PMID: 22232479  [PubMed - in process]

12: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):106-7. 

Emergency department use for eye care services and future directions in care.

Lee P, Dzau J.

Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, 3802 Erwin Rd, PO Box 3802, Duke
University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710. lee00106@mc.duke.edu.

PMID: 22232478  [PubMed - in process]

13: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):101-5. 

Capsule membrane suture fixation of decentered sulcus intraocular lenses.

Gimbel HV, Camoriano GD, Shah CR, Dardzhikova AA.

Gimbel Eye Centre, 450, 4935, 40 Ave NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2N1, Canada.
hvgimbel@gimbel.com.

Different surgical methods are used to fixate the subluxated sulcus intraocular
lens (IOL) in the absence of in-bag fixation, ranging from iris and scleral
suturing to optic capture of the IOL. A new technique, which we have termed
capsule membrane suture fixation, provides an additional method for securing a
subluxated or decentered sulcus-based IOL to the remnant capsule or a capsular
membrane. This method can also be used in secondary surgery for fixation,
repositioning, or removal and replacement of IOLs. In this technique, the IOL
haptics are sutured to the fibrotic elements of the capsular membrane to center
and secure the IOL to the capsular membrane and prevent complications associated
with uveal touch.

PMID: 22232477  [PubMed - in process]

14: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):90-100. 

Dry eye disease: an immune-mediated ocular surface disorder.

Stevenson W, Chauhan SK, Dana R.

Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts
Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford St, Boston, MA
02114. reza.dana@schepens.harvard.edu.

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disorder of the tears and ocular surface
characterized by symptoms of dryness and irritation. Although the pathogenesis
of dry eye disease is not fully understood, it is recognized that inflammation
has a prominent role in the development and propagation of this debilitating
condition. Factors that adversely affect tear film stability and osmolarity can
induce ocular surface damage and initiate an inflammatory cascade that generates
innate and adaptive immune responses. These immunoinflammatory responses lead to
further ocular surface damage and the development of a self-perpetuating
inflammatory cycle. Herein, we review the fundamental links between inflammation
and dry eye disease and discuss the clinical implications of inflammation in
disease management.

PMID: 22232476  [PubMed - in process]

15: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):50-6. 

Multimodality diagnostic imaging in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy.

Jung CS, Payne JF, Bergstrom CS, Cribbs BE, Yan J, Hubbard GB 3rd, Olsen TW, Yeh
S.

Section of Vitreoretinal Disease and Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory
Eye Center, 1365 B Clifton Rd, Ste B2400, Atlanta, GA 30322. syeh3@emory.edu.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features and imaging characteristics in
unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy. METHODS: Retrospective review of 4
patients with a diagnosis of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy. Clinical
characteristics (age, symptoms, Snellen visual acuity, and funduscopic features)
and images from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus
autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography
were analyzed. RESULTS: The median (range) age at presentation was 31 (27-52)
years. The median (range) interval between symptom onset and presentation was 4
(1-20) weeks. Associated systemic findings included a viral prodrome (50%),
orchitis (50%), hand-foot-mouth disease (25%), and positive coxsackievirus
titers (50%). The median (range) visual acuity at initial examination was 20/400
(20/70 to 1/400), which improved to 20/30 (20/20 to 20/60) at final follow-up.
The median (range) follow-up time was 8 (8-13) weeks. Early in the disease
course, the central macula developed irregular, circular areas of white-gray
discoloration. Following recovery, the macula had a stippled retinal pigment
epithelium characterized by rarefaction and hyperplasia. Fluorescein angiography
demonstrated irregular early hyperfluorescence and late subretinal
hyperfluorescence. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed a
partially reversible disruption of the outer photoreceptor layer. Fundus
autofluorescence initially revealed stippled autofluorescence that eventually
became more hypoautofluorescent. Indocyanine green angiography showed
"moth-eaten"-appearing choroidal vasculature, suggestive of choroidal
inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: The imaging characteristics highlight the structural
changes during the active and resolution phases of unilateral acute idiopathic
maculopathy. The visual recovery correlates with structural changes and suggests
that the pathogenesis involves inflammation of the inner choroid, retinal
pigment epithelium, and outer photoreceptor complex that is partially
reversible.

PMID: 22232475  [PubMed - in process]

16: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):39-49. 

New grading system to improve the surgical outcome of multirecurrent pterygia.

Liu J, Fu Y, Xu Y, Tseng SC.

Ocular Surface Center and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, 7000
SW 97th Ave, Ste 213, Miami, FL 33173. stseng@ocularsurface.com.

OBJECTIVE: To report a new grading system and surgical outcome by sealing the
gap between the conjunctiva and Tenon capsule. METHODS: A total of 32 eyes of 30
patients with pterygia were managed at the Ocular Surface Center from January 1,
2002, through December 31, 2010. The eyes were consecutively operated on by
recession; sealing of the gap; covering of exposed medial rectus muscle by
amniotic membrane, conjunctival autograft, or oral mucosal graft (OMG); and
covering of the bare sclera with amniotic membrane. Main outcome measures were
recurrence, diplopia, and caruncle morphological characteristics. RESULTS:
Caruncle grading strongly correlated with residual conjunctiva (P = .01),
severity of diplopia (P = .001), and overall success rate (P = .05). Amniotic
membrane transplantation alone was successful in 23 eyes with residual
conjunctiva of 27.8 (10.1) mm, which was significantly longer than those in 6
cases in which amniotic membrane transplantation failed (13.1 [11.4] mm, P =
.007) and those in 8 cases in which amniotic membrane transplantation was
successful but that required an additional conjunctival autograft or oral
mucosal graft (10.9 [10.4] mm, P = .001). During mean (SD) follow-up of 27.5
(20.5) months, 30 of 32 eyes (94%) achieved total success without recurrence and
diplopia and normal caruncle in 17 of 21 eyes (81%) with abnormal caruncle
before surgery. One eye (3%) developed corneal recurrence and was lost to
follow-up, and 1 eye (3%) was left with a depressed caruncle and residual
diplopia on adduction. CONCLUSIONS: Caruncle morphological characteristics and
residual conjunctiva measurement help grade the severity of recurrent pterygium,
guide surgical techniques, and predict outcomes. Sealing of the gap is important
to create a strong barrier for preventing recurrence, restoring caruncle
morphological characteristics, and regaining full motility in multirecurrent
pterygia.

PMID: 22232474  [PubMed - in process]

17: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):33-8. 

Postoperative visual acuity in patients with fuchs dystrophy undergoing descemet
membrane-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty: correlation with the
severity of histologic changes.

Happ DM, Lewis DA, Eng KH, Potter HA, Neekhra A, Croasdale CR, Hardten DR, Nehls
S, Eide M, Rowe J, Khedr S, Albert DM.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Room K6/412 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave,
Madison, WI 53792. dalbert@wisc.edu.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a correlation between the severity of histologic
changes of the Descemet membrane in patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy
and the best-corrected visual acuity (VA) after Descemet membrane-stripping
automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). METHODS: In a retrospective study
design, we created a histologic grading system based on common characteristics
observed histologically among 92 DSAEK specimens sent to the University of
Wisconsin Eye Pathology Laboratory with a clinical diagnosis of Fuchs dystrophy
from 3 separate corneal surgeons. Cases were graded as mild, moderate, or severe
on the basis of guttae dispersion, presence of a laminated Descemet membrane,
presence of embedded guttae, and density of guttae. Regression models were built
to study the relationship among preoperative VA, histologic findings, and
best-corrected VA 6 months and 1 and 2 years after DSAEK. RESULTS: No
correlation was found between the severity of histologic changes of Descemet
membrane and preoperative VA. However, a correlation was noted between the
preoperative and final VA. Cases with a laminated Descemet membrane but no
embedded guttae (n = 8) appeared to be less responsive to DSAEK. Otherwise, the
severity of histologic changes of Descemet membrane observed in patients with
Fuchs corneal dystrophy after DSAEK did not show a statistically significant
correlation with final VA. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis fails to show an inverse
relationship between the severity of histologic changes of the Descemet membrane
and the best-corrected VA of at least 20/40 after DSAEK for Fuchs endothelial
dystrophy. However, in a subset of patients with Fuchs dystrophy who develop a
laminated Descemet membrane without embedded guttae, the visual recovery after
DSAEK is less than expected. The laminated architecture of Descemet membrane
without embedded guttae may facilitate separation between the membrane layers
and, thus, incomplete removal of the recipient's Descemet membrane during DSAEK,
which may then limit the postoperative visual outcome.

PMID: 22232473  [PubMed - in process]

18: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan;130(1):25-32. 

Emergency department eye care in Florida: a study of principal payer sources
2005 through 2009.

Witmer MT, Margo CE, Mulla ZD.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, 12910 Bruce B. Downs
Blvd, MDC Box 21, Tampa, FL 33612. cmargo@health.usf.edu.

OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in health insurance coverage for emergency
department (ED) eye care in Florida from January 1, 2005, through December 31,
2009. METHODS: The Florida Agency for Health Care Administration ED data sets
for ED outpatient visits and ED admissions for eye care were analyzed for type
of insurance coverage and stratified according to age younger than 18 years and
18 years or older. Negative binomial regression models were used to measure the
percentage of change in payer distribution for each 1-year increase in calendar
year. RESULTS: During the 5-year study period, commercial insurance was the most
frequent payer of ED outpatient services (31.1%), followed by self-pay (26.2%)
and Medicaid (22.0%). For persons younger than 18 years, Medicaid and
self-payment made up 67.7% of principal payers. For outpatient ED visits, the
percentage of change in Medicaid increased 5.9% for each calendar year (P <
.001) and commercial coverage declined 4.5% (P < .001 ). The proportion of
Florida residents receiving Medicaid during the study period was less than the
national average. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of ED eye care in
Florida is reimbursed through Medicaid or is paid for out of pocket. How the
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 and the national economic
recovery will affect safety-net institutions such as EDs and hospital staff is
speculative, but the effect could be substantial.

PMID: 22232472  [PubMed - in process]

19: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 9; [Epub ahead of print] 

Lack of Thrombospondin 1 and Exacerbation of Choroidal Neovascularization.

Wang S, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N.

Pediatrics (Dr Sorenson), and Pharmacology (Dr Sheibani), University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) deficiency on
choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and to determine whether administration of a
TSP1 antiangiogenic mimetic peptide attenuates CNV.  METHODS: The impact of TSP1
deficiency on laser-induced CNV was assessed using wild-type (TSP1+/+) and
TSP1-deficient (TSP1-/-) mice. Three laser burns were placed in each eye of
TSP1+/+ and TSP1-/- mice to induce CNV. Intravitreal injection of the TSP1
mimetic peptide was performed on days 1 and 7 postlaser in the mice. For
quantitative measurements of neovascularization, intercellular adhesion molecule
2 staining was performed at 14 days postlaser of the choroidal-sclera flat
mounts. The recruitment of macrophages to the sites of damage was investigated
by immunohistochemistry. The CNV area was measured by intercellular adhesion
molecule 2 staining and use of ImageJ software.  RESULTS: The TSP1-/- mice
exhibited significantly larger areas of neovascularization on choroidal flat
mounts compared with TSP1+/+ mice. This was consistent with enhanced recruitment
of macrophages in TSP1-/- mice compared with TSP1+/+ mice 3 days postlaser. The
development of CNV was significantly attenuated in mice receiving the TSP1
antiangiogenic mimetic peptide compared with those receiving vehicle alone. 
CONCLUSIONS: Deficiency of TSP1 contributes to enhanced choroidal
neovascularization. This is consistent with the anti-inflammatory and
antiangiogenic activity of TSP1. The TSP1 antiangiogenic peptide was effective
in attenuation of CNV. Clinical Relevance  Intravitreal injection of TSP1
antiangiogenic mimetic peptides may provide alternative treatment for CNV.

PMID: 22232368  [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

20: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 9; [Epub ahead of print] 

The Cost-effectiveness of Welcome to Medicare Visual Acuity Screening and a
Possible Alternative Welcome to Medicare Eye Evaluation Among Persons Without
Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus.

Rein DB, Wittenborn JS, Zhang X, Hoerger TJ, Zhang P, Klein BE, Lee KE, Klein R,
Saaddine JB.

NORC at the University of Chicago (Dr Rein), and National Center for Chronic
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Drs X. Zhang, P. Zhang, and
Saaddine), Atlanta, Georgia; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina (Mr Wittenborn and Dr Hoerger); and School of Medicine and Public
Health, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of
Wisconsin, Madison (Drs B. E. K. Klein and R. Klein and Ms Lee).

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of visual acuity screening
performed in primary care settings and of dilated eye evaluations performed by
an eye care professional among new Medicare enrollees with no diagnosed eye
disorders. Medicare currently reimburses visual acuity screening for new
enrollees during their initial preventive primary care health check, but dilated
eye evaluations may be a more cost-effective policy.  DESIGN: Monte Carlo
cost-effectiveness simulation model with a total of 50 000 simulated patients
with demographic characteristics matched to persons 65 years of age in the US
population.  RESULTS: Compared with no screening policy, dilated eye evaluations
increased quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) by 0.008 (95% credible interval
[CrI], 0.005-0.011) and increased costs by $94 (95% CrI, -$35 to $222). A visual
acuity screening increased QALYs in less than 95% of the simulations (0.001 [95%
CrI, -0.002 to 0.004) and increased total costs by $32 (95% CrI, -$97 to $159)
per person. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of a visual acuity
screening and an eye examination compared with no screening were $29 000 and $12
000 per QALY gained, respectively. At a willingness-to-pay value of $15 000 or
more per QALY gained, a dilated eye evaluation was the policy option most likely
to be cost-effective.  CONCLUSIONS: The currently recommended visual acuity
screening showed limited efficacy and cost-effectiveness compared with no
screening. In contrast, a new policy of reimbursement for Welcome to Medicare
dilated eye evaluations was highly cost-effective.

PMID: 22232367  [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

21: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 9; [Epub ahead of print] 

Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomographic Assessment of Severity of Cystoid
Macular Edema in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Maldonado RS, O'Connell R, Ascher SB, Sarin N, Freedman SF, Wallace DK, Chiu SJ,
Farsiu S, Cotten M, Toth CA.

Duke Eye Center (Drs Maldonado, Sarin, Freedman, Wallace, Farsiu, and Toth and
Ms O'Connell), Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (Drs Freedman,
Wallace, and Cotton and Mr Ascher), and Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Pratt School of Engineering (Ms Chiu and Drs Farsiu and Toth), Duke University,
Durham, North Carolina.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the severity of cystoid macular edema (CME) in
neonates who were 31 to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, as viewed by
spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging, predicts the
severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or is related to systemic health. 
DESIGN: Of 62 prematurely born neonates in a prospective institutional review
board-approved study, 42 met the following inclusion criteria: at least 1 SD-OCT
imaging session prior to 37 weeks' postmenstrual age and prior to ROP laser
treatment, if a laser treatment was performed, and an ophthalmic ROP examination
at or after 41 weeks' postmenstrual age, evidence of complete retinal
vascularization in zone III, or documentation through telephone report of such
information after transfer of care. Measures of CME severity, including central
foveal thickness, retinal layer thicknesses, and foveal-to-parafoveal thickness
ratio in 1 eye per subject, were compared with ROP outcomes: laser treatment,
maximum plus disease, and maximum ROP stage. Systemic health factors were also
correlated.  RESULTS: Cystoid macular edema was present in 50% of neonates.
Multiple elongated cystoid structures within the inner nuclear layer were most
common. The presence of CME was not associated with ROP outcomes. The central
foveal thickness, the thickness of the inner retinal layers, and the
foveal-to-parafoveal thickness ratio were higher in eyes that required laser
treatment or that developed plus disease or ROP stage 3. Cystoid macular edema
was not clearly associated with systemic factors.  CONCLUSIONS: Cystoid macular
edema is common in premature infants screened for ROP before 37 weeks'
postmenstrual age, with the most common SD-OCT phenotype of a bulging fovea from
multiple elongated cystoid spaces. Detection of CME is not associated with ROP
severity; however, tomographic thickness measurements could potentially predict
a higher risk of requiring laser treatment or developing plus disease or ROP
stage 3. Systemic health factors are probably not related to the development of
CME.

PMID: 22232366  [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

22: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 9; [Epub ahead of print] 

A Prospective Pilot Study of Treatment Outcomes for Amblyopia Associated With
Myopic Anisometropia.

Pang Y, Allison C, Frantz KA, Block S, Goodfellow GW.

Chicago.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of refractive correction alone and
patching treatment with near activities on amblyopia associated with myopic
anisometropia in children aged 4 to less than 14 years. The associations of
visual acuity (VA) improvement with age, degree of anisometropia, patching
compliance, presence of strabismus, and presence of eccentric fixation were also
investigated.  METHODS: Seventeen amblyopic children were recruited (range of VA
in the amblyopic eye, 20/80 to 20/400). Visual acuity was assessed at 4, 8, 12,
and 16 weeks while participants wore spectacles and/or contact lenses for full
refractive correction. Patching treatment was initiated at the 16-week visit.
The primary outcome was VA after 16 weeks of refractive correction alone and
final VA after 16 weeks of patching.  RESULTS: The mean (SD) baseline VA in the
amblyopic eye was 0.96 (0.27) logMAR, which improved to a mean (SD) of 0.84
(0.24) logMAR with refractive correction and to a mean (SD) of 0.71 (0.30)
logMAR after the addition of patching (P < .001). Comparing the final VA with
the baseline VA, we found that VA improvement averaged 2.59 lines. The final VA
in the amblyopic eye was associated with the baseline VA in the amblyopic eye (P
< .001), the magnitude of anisometropia (P < .001), and the level of patching
compliance (P = .04). The improvement in VA with patching was inversely
associated with participants' age (P = .03) and presence of eccentric fixation
(P = .02).  CONCLUSION: Both refractive correction and patching significantly
improved the VA of the amblyopic eye associated with myopic anisometropia, with
88% of participants' eyes improving 2 lines or more. Further improvement in VA
was observed when patching plus near activities was added to refractive
correction and patients were followed for 16 more weeks. We recommend that
clinicians treat myopic anisometropic amblyopia with refractive correction and
patching plus near activities.

PMID: 22232365  [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

23: Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 9; [Epub ahead of print] 

In Vivo Evaluation of Focal Lamina Cribrosa Defects in Glaucoma.

Kiumehr S, Park SC, Dorairaj S, Teng CC, Tello C, Liebmann JM, Ritch R.

New York Eye and Ear Infirmary (Drs Kiumehr, Park, Dorairaj, Teng, Tello,
Liebmann, and Ritch), and Department of Ophthalmology, New York University
School of Medicine (Dr Liebmann), and Department of Ophthalmology, New York
Medical College, Valhalla (Drs Park, Teng, Tello, and Ritch), New York.

OBJECTIVES: To assess focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defects in glaucoma using
enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and to investigate their
spatial relationships with neuroretinal rim and visual field loss.  METHODS:
Serial horizontal and vertical enhanced depth imaging optical coherence
tomographic images of the optic nerve head were obtained from healthy subjects
and those with glaucoma. Focal LC defects defined as anterior laminar surface
irregularity (diameter, >100 mum; depth, >30 mum) that violates the normal
smooth curvilinear contour were investigated regarding their configurations and
locations. Spatial consistency was evaluated among focal LC defects,
neuroretinal rim thinning/notching, and visual field defects.  RESULTS:
Forty-six healthy subjects (92 eyes) and 31 subjects with glaucoma (45 eyes)
were included. Ninety-eight focal LC defects representing various patterns and
severity of laminar tissue loss were found in 34 eyes with glaucoma vs none in
the healthy eyes. Seven of 11 eyes with glaucoma with no visible focal LC defect
had a deeply excavated optic disc with poor LC visibility. Eleven focal LC
defects presented clinically as an acquired pit of the optic nerve, and the
others as neuroretinal rim thinning/notching. Focal LC defects preferably
occurred in the inferior/inferotemporal far periphery of the LC including its
insertion. Eyes with focal LC defects limited to the inferior half of the optic
disc had greater sensitivity loss in the superior visual hemifield and vice
versa.  CONCLUSIONS: Mechanisms of LC deformation in glaucoma include focal loss
of laminar beams, which may cause an acquired pit of the optic nerve in extreme
cases. Focal LC defects occur in tandem with neuroretinal rim and visual field
loss.

PMID: 22232364  [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]