1: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):584. 

Dark adaptation is critical for accurate pupil measurement.

Brown SM, Bradley JC, Khanani AM.

Cabarrus Eye Center, 201 LePhillip Ct NE, Concord, NC 28025.
sbrownmd@cabarruseye.com.

PMID: 18413547 [PubMed - in process]

2: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):583-4. 

Cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens implantation in children with
chronic uveitis.

Zaborowski AG, Quinn AG, Gibbon CE, Banerjee S, Dick AD.

West of England Eye Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter
EX2 5DW, England. azaborowski@mweb.co.za.

PMID: 18413546 [PubMed - in process]

3: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):582. 

Large optic disc.

Jonas JB.

Universitats-Augenklinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
jost.jonas@augen.ma.uni-heidelberg.de.

PMID: 18413545 [PubMed - in process]

4: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):582. 

Large optic disc--reply.

Kardon R, Randhawa S, Shah V.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Iowa and Veterans
Administration, 200 Hawkins Dr. randy-kardon@uiowa.edu.

PMID: 18413544 [PubMed - in process]

5: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):581-2. 

Preenucleation radiotherapy, uveal melanoma, and competing risks--reply.

Kilic E, Stijnen T, Luyten GP.

Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300
RC Leiden, the Netherlands. g.p.m.luyten@lumc.nl.

PMID: 18413543 [PubMed - in process]

6: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):580. 

Accurate Calculation of Longer-term Incidences From Short-term Incidence
Values--Reply.

McGee HT, Mathers WD.

Cornea Service, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3375 SW
Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97201-4197. mathersw@ohsu.edu.

PMID: 18413542 [PubMed - in process]

7: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):580. 

Accurate Calculation of Longer-term Incidences From Short-term Incidence
Values--Reply.

Schein OD, Katz J.

Wilmer 120, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 800 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287-9012.
oschein@jhmi.edu.

PMID: 18413541 [PubMed - in process]

8: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):580-1. 

Preenucleation radiotherapy, uveal melanoma, and competing risks.

Kivela T, Kujala E.

Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University
Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, PL 220, FI-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
tero.kivela@helsinki.fi.

PMID: 18413540 [PubMed - in process]

9: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):579-80. 

Accurate Calculation of Longer-term Incidences From Short-term Incidence Values.

Knox Cartwright NE.

Department of Ophthalmology, Royal United Hospital, Bath BA1 3UG, England.
n.knoxcartwright@gmail.com.

PMID: 18413539 [PubMed - in process]

10: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):578-9. 

Treatment of iris melanoma and secondary neovascular glaucoma using bevacizumab
and plaque radiotherapy.

Bianciotto C, Shields CL, Kang B, Shields JA.

Ocular Oncology Service, Ste 1440, Wills Eye Institute, 840 Walnut St,
Philadelphia, PA 19107. carol.shields@shieldsoncology.com.

PMID: 18413538 [PubMed - in process]

11: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):576-8. 

Pituitary apoplexy causing isolated blindness after cardiac bypass surgery.

Thurtell MJ, Besser M, Halmagyi GM.

Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Lakeside 3200, University Hospitals Case
Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106. mj.thurtell@gmail.com.

PMID: 18413537 [PubMed - in process]

12: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):574-576. 

Synergistic Convergence in Congenital Extraocular Muscle Misinnervation.

Pieh C, Berlis A, Lagreze WA.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106
Freiburg, Germany. christina.pieh@uniklinik-freiburg.de.

PMID: 18413536 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

13: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):572-4. 

Pulmonary metastasis masquerading as anterior uveitis.

Kesen MR, Edward DP, Ulanski LJ, Tessler HH, Goldstein DA.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at
Chicago, 1855 W Taylor St, M/C 648, Chicago, IL 60612. debrgold@yahoo.com.

PMID: 18413535 [PubMed - in process]

14: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):571-2. 

Optical coherence tomography provides insight into the effect of intacs in
keratoconus.

Kaiserman I, Bahar I, Rootman DS.

Department of Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto,
ON M5T 2S8, Canada. igor@dr-kaiserman.com.

PMID: 18413534 [PubMed - in process]

15: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):566-70. 

NMO Antibody-Positive Recurrent Optic Neuritis Without Clear Evidence of
Transverse Myelitis.

Dinkin MJ, Cestari DM, Stein MC, Brass SD, Lessell S.

Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women\'s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA
02115. mdinkin@partners.org.

PMID: 18413533 [PubMed - in process]

16: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):564-6. 

Yellow dye laser treatment of vascularized corneal stromal scars in pediatric
patients.

Lueder GT, Culican S.

Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Pediatrics, St Louis
Children\'s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, One Children\'s
Place, Room 2s89, St Louis, MO 63110. Lueder@vision.wustl.edu.

PMID: 18413532 [PubMed - in process]

17: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):562-3. 

First-time failure rates of candidates for american board of ophthalmology
certification.

Clarkson JG.

Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami,
Clinical Research Bldg, 1120 NW 14th St, Mailbox 1560-B, Miami, FL 33136.
jclarkson@miami.edu.

PMID: 18413531 [PubMed - in process]

18: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):559-61. 

Legacy of the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study.

Flynn HW Jr, Scott IU.

Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami
Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL 33136.
hflynn@med.miami.edu.

PMID: 18413530 [PubMed - in process]

19: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):554-6. 

Treatment of postcataract extraction endophthalmitis: a summary of the results
from the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study.

Doft BH.

Retina Vitreous Consultants, 3501 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
doft@pitt.edu.

PMID: 18413529 [PubMed - in process]

20: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):548-53. 

First-time failure rates of candidates for board certification: an educational
outcome measure.

O\'Day DM, Li C.

8000 Medical Center East, North Tower, Nashville, TN 37232-8808.
denis.m.oday@vanderbilt.edu.

BACKGROUND: Few objective standards are available to assess the educational
effectiveness of ophthalmology residency programs. As a possible measure, we
evaluated the first-time failure (FTF) rate in the examinations of the American
Board of Ophthalmology, defined as a first-attempt failure in the written
examination or a first-attempt failure in the oral examination after having
passed the written examination on the first attempt. Method We tracked data on
all residents who graduated between June 30, 1999, and December 31, 2003, from
commencement of training to certification, including rates of overall FTF,
written and oral FTF, and program FTF. Performance was analyzed for several
factors, including program size. RESULTS: The FTF rate was 28% overall and
ranged from 0% to 89% across 118 programs (median, 27%). Programs with fewer
than 16 graduates per 5 years were significantly more likely to have higher FTF
rates than larger programs. Thirty-two programs accounted for 50% of the FTF
rate. CONCLUSIONS: The FTF rate is a potentially useful measure. However, the
small size of many programs contributes to some imprecision. Therefore, this
measure should be used in conjunction with other factors when assessing the
educational effectiveness of ophthalmology residency programs. Although the
eventual certification rate was high, graduates from a few programs appeared
inadequately prepared to take the examinations.

PMID: 18413528 [PubMed - in process]

21: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):543-7. 

Retinal imaging with adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in
unexplained central ring scotoma.

Joeres S, Jones SM, Chen DC, Silva D, Olivier S, Fawzi A, Castellarin A, Sadda
SR.

Doheny Eye Institute-DEI 3623, 1450 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
ssadda@doheny.org.

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy allows for noninvasive, in vivo
visualization of retinal abnormalities at a cellular level. We herein describe
for the first time, to our knowledge, the utility of high-resolution retinal
imaging in studying the photoreceptor mosaic in an otherwise unexplained visual
disturbance. Imaging of the cone mosaic was performed in a 64-year-old man with
a unilateral ringlike paracentral distortion that could not be explained using
common clinical imaging instruments. Adaptive optics scanning laser
ophthalmoscopy findings revealed a parafoveal circular abnormality of the cone
mosaic approximately 3 degrees in diameter that corresponded to the ring of
visual disturbance. Visualization of the cone mosaic with adaptive optics
scanning laser ophthalmoscopy can reveal photoreceptor damage that may not be
detectable with standard imaging devices. Optical axial sectioning of the retina
may help in identifying and localizing abnormalities within the retinal layers.

PMID: 18413527 [PubMed - in process]

22: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):542. 

Small primate, big eyes.

Rozenbaum I, Faschinger C, Ritch R.

PMID: 18413526 [PubMed - in process]

23: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):537-42. 

Imaging the ocular anterior segment with real-time, full-range fourier-domain
optical coherence tomography.

Sarunic MV, Asrani S, Izatt JA.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Durham,
NC 27708. jizatt@duke.edu.

We have demonstrated a novel Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system
and signal-processing algorithm for full-range, real-time, artifact-free
quantitative imaging of the anterior chamber. Cross-sectional full-range images
comprising 1024 x 800 pixels (axial x lateral) were acquired and displayed at
6.7 images/s. Volumetric data comprising 1024 x 400 x 60 pixels (axial x lateral
x elevation) were acquired in 4.5 seconds with real-time visualization of
individual slices and 3-dimensional reconstruction performed in postprocessing.
Details of the cornea, limbus, iris, anterior lens capsule, trabecular meshwork,
and Schlemm\'s canal were visualized. Quantitative surface height maps of the
corneal epithelium and endothelium were obtained from the volumetric data and
used to generate corneal thickness maps.

PMID: 18413525 [PubMed - in process]

24: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):531-4. 

Finger\'s Amniotic Membrane Buffer Technique: Protecting the Cornea During
Radiation Plaque Therapy.

Finger PT.

The New York Eye Cancer Center, 115 E 61st St, New York, NY 10065.
pfinger@eyecancer.com.

OBJECTIVE: To use amniotic membranes as a buffer between the cornea and
radioactive eye plaques. METHODS: Six melanomas were treated with ophthalmic
plaque radiation therapy. Plaque-tumor localization required that a portion of
the gold plaque touch the cornea during treatment. To enhance patient comfort
and protect the cornea, an (0.1-mm-thick) amniotic membrane was interposed
between the metal plaque edge and the cornea. RESULTS: Minimal ocular discomfort
was noted during plaque radiation therapy. On a scale of 1 (none) to 10
(severe), all 6 patients reported pain levels of 1. As a tissue equivalent and
because the mean thickness was only 0.1 mm, amniotic membranes had no
significant effect on radiation dose calculations. No adverse effects,
infections, or abrasions were noted. CONCLUSION: The amniotic membrane buffer
technique improves patient comfort and protects the cornea during ophthalmic
plaque radiation therapy.

PMID: 18413524 [PubMed - in process]

25: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):527-30. 

Myopia, lifestyle, and schooling in students of chinese ethnicity in singapore
and sydney.

Rose KA, Morgan IG, Smith W, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P, Saw SM.

Discipline of Applied Vision Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of
Sydney. k.rose@usyd.edu.au.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence and risk factors for myopia in 6- and
7-year-old children of Chinese ethnicity in Sydney and Singapore. METHODS: Two
cross-sectional samples of age- and ethnicity-matched primary school children
participated: 124 from the Sydney Myopia Study and 628 from the Singapore Cohort
Study on the Risk Factors for Myopia. Cycloplegic autorefraction was used to
determine myopia prevalence (spherical equivalent /= 1.4 vs <
1.4 mg/dL, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.00-2.59). Migraine headache history was associated
with branch retinal vein occlusion (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.08-3.67). Diabetes
history was associated with central retinal vein occlusion (OR, 6.35; 95% CI,
1.90-21.27). CONCLUSIONS: Incident retinal vein occlusion is not infrequent in
the population, especially after age 65 years. The relationships of barbiturate
use, serum creatinine level, serum ionized calcium level, and serum phosphorus
level with incident retinal vein occlusion require further assessment in other
large population-based studies.

PMID: 18413521 [PubMed - in process]

28: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):507-11. 

The foveal avascular region of developing human retina.

Provis JM, Hendrickson AE.

Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, GPO Box
475, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia 2601.
jan.provis@anu.edu.au.

OBJECTIVE: To study the development of the perifoveal retinal vasculature.
METHODS: We studied 7 retinas aged between 26 weeks\' gestation and 1 week
postnatal (41 weeks\' gestation). Sections were imaged using high-resolution
digital photography and blood vessel profiles identified at 200% to 300%
magnification. Flat mounts were immunolabeled using antibodies to CD31 and
factor VIII to identify blood vessels and antibodies to rhodopsin to identify
the rod-free zone. RESULTS: The foveal region was identified by the absence of
rod photoreceptors in the outer retina and/or presence of a shallow depression
in the inner retina. The whole mount at 26 weeks\' gestation showed a blood
vessel-free region centered on the rod-free zone that was open along the
horizontal meridian on the temporal side. At 37 weeks\' gestation, the foveal
avascular zone formed a complete circle. In sections, the foveal avascular zone
was approximately 500 mum in diameter at 35 weeks\' gestation and 300 to 350 mum
at 40 weeks\' gestation; in whole mounts, it was 150 to 170 mum in diameter at 37
and 41 weeks\' gestation. CONCLUSIONS: The foveal region is normally avascular
during development, as in adult life. We found no evidence of foveal
vascularization during development of the human retina. Clinical Relevance
Instances of vascularization of the foveal region are not due to failed
regression of a transient vasculature.

PMID: 18413520 [PubMed - in process]

29: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):501-6. 

Prevention of exuberant granulation tissue and neovascularization in the rat
cornea by naltrexone.

Zagon IS, Klocek MS, Griffith JW, Sassani JW, Komaromy AM, McLaughlin PJ.

Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Mail Code H109, The M. S. Hershey
Medical Center, 500 University Dr, Room C3729, Hershey, PA 17033. isz1@psu.edu.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether topical application of naltrexone prevents
exuberant granulation tissue formation with neovascularization in diabetic rat
corneas. METHODS: Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. A 5-mm corneal
abrasion at 9 or 11 weeks was treated topically for 7 days (4 times daily) with
naltrexone or a sterile vehicle. RESULTS: Within 2 to 5 days after
reepithelialization, diabetic rats given the sterile vehicle had a 41% incidence
of corneal lesions represented by exuberant granulation tissue with corneal
neovascularization extending from the limbus. These lesions exhibited edema,
cellular and vascular inflammation, and disruption of stromal lamella by
fibrovascular tissue and calcium mineralization, but infection was not detected.
No corneal lesions were recorded in the diabetic group treated with naltrexone
or the control group given the sterile vehicle. Diabetic rats with corneal
lesions given the sterile vehicle reepithelialized more slowly than diabetic
rats given the sterile vehicle without such lesions, but no difference in blood
glucose levels were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Using a minimally invasive model in
diabetic rats, topical naltrexone normalizes corneal wound healing and prevents
neovascularization. Clinical Relevance Direct application of naltrexone may
serve as an important strategy for facilitating corneal healing and inhibiting
corneal neovascularization.

PMID: 18413519 [PubMed - in process]

30: Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Apr;126(4):493-9. 

Cost-utility analysis of telemedicine and ophthalmoscopy for retinopathy of
prematurity management.

Jackson KM, Scott KE, Graff Zivin J, Bateman DA, Flynn JT, Keenan JD, Chiang MF.

Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons, 635 W 165th St, Box 92, New York, NY 10032. chiang@dbmi.columbia.edu.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine and standard
ophthalmoscopy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) management. METHODS: Models
were developed to represent ROP examination and treatment using telemedicine and
standard ophthalmoscopy. Cost-utility analysis was performed using decision
analysis, evidence-based outcome data from published literature, and present
value modeling. Visual outcome data were converted to patient preference-based
time trade-off utility values based on published literature. Costs of disease
management were determined based on 2006 Medicare reimbursements. Costs per
quality-adjusted life year gained by telemedicine and ophthalmoscopy for ROP
management were compared. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed on the
following variables: discount rate (0%-7%), incidence of treatment-requiring ROP
(1%-20%), sensitivity and specificity of ophthalmoscopic diagnosis (75%-100%),
percentage of readable telemedicine images (75%-100%), and sensitivity and
specificity of telemedicine diagnosis (75%-100%). RESULTS: For infants with
birth weight less than 1500 g using a 3% discount rate for costs and outcomes,
the costs per quality-adjusted life year gained were $3193 with telemedicine and
$5617 with standard ophthalmoscopy. Sensitivity analysis resulted in ranges of
costs per quality-adjusted life year from $1235 to $18 898 for telemedicine and
from $2171 to $27 215 for ophthalmoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine is more
cost-effective than standard ophthalmoscopy for ROP management. Both strategies
are highly cost-effective compared with other health care interventions.

PMID: 18413518 [PubMed - in process]