1: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):463; author reply 463. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Comment on:
    Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Apr;25(2):146-50.

A case of optic nerve atrophy with severe disc cupping after methanol poisoning.

Sanaei-Zadeh H, Zamani N.

Publication Types:
    Comment
    Letter

PMID: 22131788  [PubMed - in process]

2: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):459-62. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Horner's syndrome with abducens nerve palsy.

Kang NH, Lim KH, Sung SH.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul,
Korea.

A 68-year-old male patient presented with a week of sudden diplopia. He had been
diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer 8 months prior and had undergone
chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Eight-prism diopter right esotropia in the
primary position and a remarkable limitation in abduction in his right eye were
observed. Other pupillary disorders and lid drooping were not found. After three
weeks, the marginal reflex distance 1 was 3 mm in the right eye and 5 mm in the
left eye. The pupil diameter was 2.5 mm in the right eye, and 3 mm in the left
eye under room illumination. Under darkened conditions, the pupil diameter was
3.5 mm in the right eye, and 5 mm in the left eye. After topical application of
0.5% apraclonidine, improvement in the right ptosis and reversal pupillary
dilatation were observed. On brain magnetic resonance imaging, enhanced lesions
on the right cavernous sinus, both sphenoidal sinuses, and skull base suggested
the invasion of nasopharyngeal cancer. Lesions on the cavernous sinus need to be
considered in cases of abducens nerve palsy and ipsilateral Horner's syndrome.

PMID: 22131787  [PubMed - in process]

3: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):455-8. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Optic disc pit with peripapillary retinoschisis presenting as a localized
retinal nerve fiber layer defect.

Song IS, Shin JW, Shin YW, Uhm KB.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea.

A 59-year-old woman was referred to our clinic for a glaucoma evaluation. The
visual acuity and intraocular pressure were normal in both eyes. However,
red-free fundus photography in the left eye showed a superotemporal wedge-shaped
retinal nerve fiber layer defect, and visual field testing showed a
corresponding partial arcuate scotoma. In an optical coherence tomography
examination, the macula was flat, but an arcuate-shaped peripapillary
retinoschisis was found. Further, the retinoschisis seemed to be connected with
a superotemporal optic pit shown in a disc photograph. After 3 months of a
topical prostaglandin analogue medication, the intraocular pressure in the
retinoschisis eye was lowered from 14 to 10 mmHg and the peripapillary
retinoschisis was almost resolved. We report a rare case of an optic disc pit
with peripapillary retinoschisis presenting as a localized retinal nerve fiber
layer defect.

PMID: 22131786  [PubMed - in process]

4: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):451-4. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Presumed necrotizing viral retinitis after intravitreal triamcinolone injection:
case report.

Han JM, Ahn J, Park KH, Woo SJ.

Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

A 56-year-old man presented with anterior chamber inflammation, increased
intraocular pressure, peripheral retinal infiltration, and generalized retinal
arterial obstruction suggesting acute retinal necrosis five months after
intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA). He was treated with
intravenous antiviral agents and aspirin. Shortly after treatment, retinal
infiltrations were resolved, and partial recanalization of the obstructed vessel
was observed. Viral retinitis may occur as an opportunistic infection following
IVTA due to the local immune modulatory effect of the steroid; hence, close
observation following IVTA is necessary.

PMID: 22131785  [PubMed - in process]

5: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):447-50. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Superimposed fungal ulcer after fibrin glue sealant in infectious corneal ulcer.

Byun YS, Kim MS.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The
Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

A healthy 27-year-old woman with a corneal ulcer underwent fibrin gluing with a
bandage contact lens twice, due to an impending perforation. The ulcer lesion
slowly progressed, unresponsive to topical antibiotics and amphotericin B. We
removed the gluing patch and performed a corneal or scraping or biopsy with
multiple amniotic membrane grafts to seal the thinned or perforated cornea.
Three days after the surgery, the corneal cultures grew Fusarium, as well as
Enterococcus faecalis. Three weeks after surgery, the outermost layer of
amniotic membranes, serving as a temporary patch, was removed. The anterior
chamber was clear without cells. The signs of infection clinically and
symptomatically cleared up four weeks later. Two months after surgery, the
lesion became enhanced by amniotic membranes. The use of fibrin glue in
infectious keratitis should be avoided, because it not only masks the underlying
lesion, but it also interferes with drug penetration into the underlying lesion.

PMID: 22131784  [PubMed - in process]

6: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):443-6. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Development of EKC after eximer laser photorefractive surgery and subsequent
recurrence of EKC-like keratitis.

Park SJ, Jang YS, Koh TH, Kwon YA, Song SW.

Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research
Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

This research focuses on four cases of patients having undergone eximer laser
photorefractive surgery who were diagnosed with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis
during the postoperative period and who later developed epidemic
keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)-like keratitis. Two of the patients had undergone
laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK), one had undergone laser in
situ keratomileusis and one had photorefractive keratectomy. After the surgery
adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent late-developing EKC-like keratitis
were observed in the patients. Recurrent late-developing EKC-like keratitis
occurred in one of the patients, who had received LASEK as many as three times.
The others had only one or two episodes.The corneal infiltrates of keratitis
mainly occurred in the central cornea. Successful resolution of recurrent
late-developing EKC-like keratitis was achieved through the use of topical
steroids without sequelae and the final best-corrected visual acuity was as good
as the base line. These keratitis infiltrates have been presumed to represent an
immune response to the suspected adenoviral antigens deposited in corneal stroma
during the primary adenoviral infection. Previous reports argued that patients
with a history of adenoviral ketatoconjunctivitis were succeptible to adenoviral
keratoconjunctivitis becoming reactivated; however, in our research, our
patients had their first adenoviral infections after the eximer laser
photorefractive surgery and reactivation was confirmed. We recommend that
attention be paid to adenoviral infection after laser refractive operations,
because these patients seem to have more frequent recurrences.

PMID: 22131783  [PubMed - in process]

7: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):440-2. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Calcinosis cutis at the tarsus of the upper eyelid.

Jun I, Kim SE, Lee SY, Kim GJ, Yoon JS.

Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Calcinosis cutis involves the inappropriate deposition of calcium within the
dermis layer of the skin, and is often associated with rheumatoid disease. A
42-year-old woman presented for evaluation of a hard palpable mass on the left
upper eyelid. After everting the eyelid, a large papillomatous mass with a broad
base was identified on the superior area of the tarsus. The lesion was partially
excised posteriorly under local anesthesia, and pathologists identified the mass
as calcinosis cutis. The patient had no systemic or trauma history, and the
serum levels of calcium and phosphorous were normal. Idiopathic calcinosis cutis
should be included in the differential diagnosis for a protruding papillomatous
mass of the tarsal plate, and surgical debulking could be a viable option for
large protruding lesions, although more follow-up is necessary to monitor
regrowth.

PMID: 22131782  [PubMed - in process]

8: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):434-9. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

c-Fos immunoreactivity in the neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus in
albino rats by light exposure after dark rearing.

Cha YJ, Lee JH, Baik TK, Park JS.

Department of Ophthalmology, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of dark rearing immediately after birth on
the maturation of the visual relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus.
METHODS: Fifty neonatal rats were used. Neonates of the control groups were
raised under a normal light/dark cycle. Neonates of the experiment groups were
dark reared and isolated from light during the entire experimental period, then
exposed to the sun light for 1 hour before sacrifice. RESULTS: In the control
groups, the neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus developed normally
at each age tested. In the experiment groups, the cytoplasm of the large neurons
in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of 2-week-old rats contained small
vesicles, and the cytoplasm of the large neurons of 4-week-old rats was
converted into a vacuole-like space. Moreover, c-Fos immunoreactivity of the
large neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the experiment groups
was significantly increased compared to that of the control groups. CONCLUSIONS:
We suppose that the maturation of the neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus
might be influenced by light stimulation during the critical period.
Furthermore, c-Fos could be a marker of the functional activity of the visual
relay neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus in albino rats.

PMID: 22131781  [PubMed - in process]

9: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):421-33. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Prevalence of eye diseases in South Korea: data from the Korea National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2009.

Yoon KC, Mun GH, Kim SD, Kim SH, Kim CY, Park KH, Park YJ, Baek SH, Song SJ,
Shin JP, Yang SW, Yu SY, Lee JS, Lim KH, Park HJ, Pyo EY, Yang JE, Kim YT, Oh
KW, Kang SW.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam
National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to report on preliminary data regarding the
prevalence of major eye diseases in Korea. METHODS: We obtained data from the
Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nation-wide
cross-sectional survey and examinations of the non-institutionalized civilian
population in South Korea (n = 14,606), conducted from July 2008 to December
2009. Field survey teams included an ophthalmologist, nurses, and interviewers,
traveled with a mobile examination unit and performed interviews and
ophthalmologic examinations. RESULTS: The prevalence of visual impairment,
myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism in participants over 5 years of age was 0.4
+/- 0.1%, 53.7 +/- 0.6%, 10.7 +/- 0.4%, and 58.0 +/- 0.6%, respectively. The
prevalence of strabismus and blepharoptosis in participants over 3 years of age
was 1.5 +/- 0.1% and 11.0 +/- 0.8%, respectively. In participants over 40 years
of age, the prevalence of cataract, pterygium, early and late age-related
macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma was 40.2 +/- 1.3%, 8.9
+/- 0.5%, 5.1 +/- 0.3%, 0.5 +/- 0.1%, 13.4 +/- 1.5%, and 2.1 +/- 0.2%,
respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first nation-wide epidemiologic study
conducted in South Korea for assessment of the prevalence of eye diseases by
both the Korean Ophthalmologic Society and the Korea Center for Disease Control
and Prevention. This study will provide preliminary information for use in
further investigation, prevention, and management of eye diseases in Korea.

PMID: 22131780  [PubMed - in process]

10: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):417-20. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Attempts to reduce the progression of myopia and spectacle prescriptions during
childhood: a survey of eye specialists.

Jung JJ, Lim EH, Baek SH, Kim YR, Gong SM, Kim US.

Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

PURPOSE: To determine methods tried in clinical trials to reduce the progression
of myopia in children, and spectacle prescribing patterns of hospital
ophthalmologists. METHODS: A multi-sectioned survey composed of Likert items
relating to the methods of reducing myopia progression (orthokeratology lenses
[O-K lenses], undercorrected glasses, and topical atropine) and the patterns of
prescribing spectacles for children (including two cases involving a 5-year-old
girl and an 8-year-old boy) were distributed to members of the Korean
Ophthalmological Society, and the collected data was statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 78 out of 130 ophthalmologists returned the survey. On a
scale of 1 to 5, the mean rates of whether the ophthalmologists think O-K lenses
arrest myopia progression, and whether they recommend their patients to wear O-K
lenses if indicative, were 3.06 and 2.75, respectively. Moreover, the mean rates
of whether they consider that wearing glasses which are undercorrected would
slow down the progression of the myopia, or if they think topical atropine helps
in arresting myopia progression in children, were 2.34 and 1.27, respectively.
In response to the case studies, the majority of practitioners preferred to
prescribe the full amount found in cycloplegic refraction to pediatric patients
with myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologists in clinical practice encouraged
children to wear O-K lenses more than undercorrected glasses as a way to retard
myopia progression. However, the application of atropine is rarely tried in
clinical trials. In managing pediatric patients with myopia (case specific), the
majority of the practitioners chose to prescribe glasses with full cycloplegic
correction.

PMID: 22131779  [PubMed - in process]

11: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):409-16. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

A study of eccentric viewing training for low vision rehabilitation.

Jeong JH, Moon NJ.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea.

PURPOSE: The definition of eccentric viewing (EV) is using non-foveal preferred
retinal loci (PRL) for viewing. The purpose of the present study was to
investigate the clinical effect of EV training for low vision rehabilitation in
patients with central scotomas. METHODS: The direction of EV was monitored in 30
low vision patients with central scotomas by moving the patient's view. The PRL
was found by using a direct ophthalmoscope and retinal camera; the preserved
visual field was identified using a kinetic visual field analyzer. The
relationships between EV, PRL, and visual field were evaluated. The patients and
their guardians were educated regarding EV. After 2 weeks of self-training,
maintenance of EV was checked and changes in best-corrected visual acuity
(BCVA), reading speed, and satisfaction questionnaire were evaluated. RESULTS: A
relationship between EV, PRL, and visual field was in accordance in half of the
patients. There were no significant differences in demographics and basic visual
characteristics in patients where the relationship was not in accordance. EV was
maintained in two-thirds of the patients, but there were no significant
differences in demographics and basic visual characteristics in patients who
discontinued EV. There were no significant improvements in BCVA; however,
reading speed and the satisfaction scores increased significantly with EV.
CONCLUSIONS: The direction of EV was effectively detected by convenient access
using an inexpensive method. Functional vision and satisfaction significantly
improved following EV training. EV training can be used as an effective method
for low vision rehabilitation in patients with central scotomas.

PMID: 22131778  [PubMed - in process]

12: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):401-8. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Comparison of the outcome of repeat trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C
and initial trabeculectomy.

Cankaya AB, Elgin U.

Second Eye Clinic, Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
abcankaya@hotmail.com

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of repeat and initial trabeculectomy
with mitomycine C (MMC). METHODS: Eighty seven patients, who had underwent
repeat (repeat group) or initial (initial group) trabeculectomy with MMC, were
enrolled in this prospective trial. Postoperative outcome measures included the
amount of decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of anti-glaucoma
medications, and the complications. The success of trabeculectomy was defined on
the basis of three definitions which were: IOP /=30% (definition 3). Success was further defined as "complete" when these
criteria were obtained without any anti-glaucoma medications and "qualified"
with or without medical therapy and no further surgical procedures. RESULTS:
Fifty nine eyes underwent initial and 28 eyes underwent repeat trabeculectomy.
The mean follow-up period was 19.1 +/- 5.9 months. Complete success rates were
significantly greater in the initial trabeculectomy group (p = 0.02 for
definition 1, p = 0.038 for definition 2, p = 0.003 for definition 3). A higher
proportion of eyes in the initial group achieved qualified success relative to
the group A eyes, but the differences were not statistically significant (p =
0.33 for definition 1, p = 0.99 for definition 2, p = 0.24 for definition 3).
The mean number of antiglaucomatous medications at the last examination was 1.2
+/- 1.2 in repeat group and 0.7 +/- 1.1 in initial group (p = 0.01). The number
of complications during the follow up period did not differ significantly
between the two groups (p = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Repeat trabeculectomy with MMC
has high success and low complication rates in patients with previously failed
trabeculectomy in spite of the need of higher number of anti-glaucoma
medications.

PMID: 22131777  [PubMed - in process]

13: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):394-400. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Surgical outcomes for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in patients
with pseudophakia after phacoemulsification.

Lim JW, Ryu SJ.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital,
Chuncheon, Korea. jiwoneye@hallym.or.kr

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features and surgical outcomes for primary
rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RDs) in patients with pseudophakia after
phacoemulsification. METHODS: The medical records of patients with pseudophakia
after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation who had undergone
surgery for primary rhegmatogenous RDs with a minimum duration of follow-up of
12 months were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were
enrolled in this study and 106 eyes were analyzed. Post-operative retinal
attachment was achieved in 87 of the eyes (82.1%) and the final visual acuities
(logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were improved to 0.65 +/- 0.49
from the baseline measurement of 1.51 +/- 1.14 (p < 0.001). Re-operations were
performed in 24 of the eyes (22.6%) and there were no visible retinal breaks in
30 of the eyes (28.3%). The failure to identify a retinal break during surgery
was associated with a lower rate of retinal reattachment, worse final visual
acuity, and a higher rate of re-operation (p = 0.002, p = 0.02, and p = 0.002,
respectively). The location of the identified retinal break was more common in
the superotemporal quadrant than in the other quadrants. CONCLUSIONS: The
inability to identify a retinal break during surgery was associated with a poor
final outcome. Other factors were less important for the functional and anatomic
success in patients with pseudophakic RDs.

PMID: 22131776  [PubMed - in process]

14: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):387-93. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

The clinical outcomes of proton beam radiation therapy for retinoblastomas that
were resistant to chemotherapy and focal treatment.

Chang JW, Yu YS, Kim JY, Shin DH, Choi J, Kim JH, Kim SJ.

Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of proton beam radiation therapy
(PBRT) for treatment of retinoblastoma. METHODS: Children with retinoblastoma
who were treated with chemotherapy and focal treatment such as brachytherapy and
thermotherapy but showed no response or developed recurrences later received
PBRT. The PBRT strategy was designed to concentrate the radiation energy to the
retinoblastoma and spare the surrounding healthy tissue or organs. RESULTS:
There were three patients who received PBRT. The first patient received PBRT
because of an initial lack of tumor regression with chemotherapy and
brachytherapy. This patient showed regression after PBRT. The second patient who
developed recurrence of retinoblastoma as diffuse infiltrating subretinal
seeding was taken PBRT. After complete regression, there was recurrence of tumor
and the eye was enucleated. The third patient had unilateral extensively
advanced retinoblastoma. Initial chemotherapy failed and tumor recurred. The
tumor responded to PBRT and regressed significantly. However, the eye developed
sudden multiple recurrences, so we had to perform enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: PBRT
for retinoblastoma was effective in cases of showing no response to other
treatment modalities. However, it should be carefully applied when there was
recurrence of diffuse infiltrating subretinal seeding or extensively advanced
retinoblastoma initially.

PMID: 22131775  [PubMed - in process]

15: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):380-6. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Photoreceptor disruption related to persistent submacular fluid after successful
scleral buckle surgery.

Woo SJ, Lee KM, Chung H, Park KH.

Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul
National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.

PURPOSE: To investigate serial changes in photoreceptor status and associated
visual outcome in patients with persistent submacular fluid after successful
scleral buckle surgery for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
METHODS: This was a prospective observational case series including 76
consecutive patients who underwent successful scleral buckle surgery for
macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with symptom duration PMID: 22131774  [PubMed - in process]

16: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):375-9. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas in primary angle closure
glaucoma.

Joo J, Whang WJ, Oh TH, Kang KD, Kim HS, Moon JI.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The
Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation
formulas in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma (ACG). METHODS: This
retrospective study compared the refractive outcomes of 63 eyes with primary ACG
with the results of 93 eyes with normal open angles undergoing uneventful
cataract surgery. Anterior segment biometry including anterior chamber depth,
axial length, and anterior chamber depth to axial length ratio were compared by
the IOL Master. Third generation formulas (Hoffer Q and SRK/T) and a fourth
generation formula (Haigis) were used to predict IOL powers in both groups. The
predictive accuracy of the formulas was analyzed by comparison of the mean error
and the mean absolute error (MAE). RESULTS: In ACG patients, anterior chamber
depth and the anterior chamber depth to axial length ratio were smaller than
normal controls (all p < 0.05). The MAEs from the ACG group were larger than
that from the control group in the Haigis formula. The mean absolute error from
the Haigis formula was the largest and the mean absolute error from the Hoffer Q
formula was the smallest. CONCLUSIONS: IOL power prediction may be inaccurate in
ACG patients. The Haigis formula produced more inaccurate results in ACG
patients, and it is more appropriate to use the Hoffer Q formula to predict IOL
powers in eyes with primary ACG.

PMID: 22131773  [PubMed - in process]

17: Korean J Ophthalmol. 2011 Dec;25(6):369-74. Epub 2011 Nov 22. 

Cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion for dry eye in Korea: a prospective,
multicenter, open-label, surveillance study.

Byun YS, Rho CR, Cho K, Choi JA, Na KS, Joo CK.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The
Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of cyclosporine ophthalmic
emulsion (CsA) 0.05% in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease in
Korea. METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, surveillance
study of 392 Korean patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease who were
treated with CsA 0.05% for three months. An assessment of effectiveness was
performed at baseline, and after 1, 2, and 3 months. The primary effectiveness
outcomes were changes in ocular symptoms and Schirmer score. The secondary
effectiveness outcomes were a change in conjunctival staining, use of artificial
tears, global evaluation of treatment, and patient satisfaction. The primary
safety outcome was the incidence and nature of adverse events. RESULTS: A total
of 362 patients completed the study. After three months, all ocular symptom
scores were significantly reduced compared to the baseline values, while the
Schirmer scores were significantly increased relative to baseline (p < 0.0001).
After three months, there were significant reductions from baseline in
conjunctival staining (p < 0.01) and use of artificial tears (p < 0.0001).
According to clinicians' global evaluations, most patients (>50%) experienced at
least a 25% to 50% improvement in symptoms from baseline at each follow-up
visit. The majority of patients (72.0%) were satisfied with the treatment
results, and 57.2% reported having no or mild symptoms after treatment. The most
common adverse events were ocular pain (11.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings
indicate that CsA 0.05% is an effective and tolerable treatment for dry eye
disease in Korean clinical practice.

Publication Types:
    Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PMID: 22131772  [PubMed - in process]